Contraceptive implant migration to the ulnar nerve: A case report with literature review

Key Clinical Message Contraceptive implant migration is a rare complication associated with contraceptive implants: migration to the ulnar nerve, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis, imaging, and a multidisciplinary approach to mitigate neurovascular risks during insertion and removal procedures. The case report demonstrates the necessity for careful removal techniques and thorough patient follow‐up to ensure positive outcomes and prevent long‐term nerve damage. There are some potential risks and complications associated with contraceptive implants, including neurovascular injury. The aim of this case report is to report a rare complication associated with contraceptive implants. A 32‐year‐old female, right‐hand dominant, presented to the orthopedic clinic for the extraction of a contraceptive implant (Implanon) from her left arm. She reported intermittent numbness in the ring and little fingers. Upon examination, the Implanon was not palpable. Both Phalen's test and Tinel signs were negative. An x‐ray of the arm revealed the implant's position. Under local anesthesia through a longitudinal incision, the Implanon was found within the perineurium of the ulnar nerve. Two weeks after the operation, the patient returned to the clinic. Upon examination, there were no indications of ulnar nerve neuropathy. If a patient undergoes subdermal implant‐associated pain or is at risk of neurovascular damage during removal, it is advisable to refer the patient to a family planning specialist experienced in handling challenging implant removals, and subsequently to a peripheral nerve surgeon, to optimize outcomes. The migration of a contraceptive implant to the ulnar nerve is an exceedingly rare but possible complication.