Ocular graft-versus-host disease: An update on immune pathogenesis and therapies

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment option for hematological and non-hematological diseases that do not respond to conventional treatments. The main cause of morbidity and mortality is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a systemic response to the cells of different organs in the recipient. The disease, behaving in a generalized manner, affects several organs, the most frequent being the skin, mucous membranes, and intestines. However, organs, such as the lungs, liver, and eyes, may also be involved. This review will focus on ocular graft-versus-host disease, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment.