Therapeutic approaches in locked-in syndrome

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) is a neuropsychological condition, in which patients present with quadriplegia, lower cranial nerve paralysis, and mutism. Diagnosis of LIS is difficult because of the similarities with other related syndromes, but it is of crucial importance to establish precise and early diagnosis in order to make the appropriate decisions according to the intervention and treatment planning. Access to a multidisciplinary, specialized team provides opportunity for continued improvement. Individualized treatment improves long-term management. Assistive technology and advanced communication aids may help people with disabilities to regain more independence and take part in everyday life. Technological achievements, such as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may potentially be of significant practical value to patients with LIS. Advancements in medical care, rehabilitation, and communication technology have focused on leading LIS patients to live meaningful lives in the society with the involvement of their families.