Detection of species and molecular typing of Leishmania in suspected patients by targeting cytochrome b gene in Zahedan, southeast of Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most important health problems that are capable of involving both tropical and subtropical areas, especially in Iran. This cross-sectional study aimed to differentiate the species that are able to cause CL in Zahedan city by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. It was conducted on 145 suspected CL patients in Zahedan city between 2014 and 2016. The smears were initially prepared, air-dried, fixed with absolute methanol, and stained with 10% Giemsa. Then, we examined the stained samples by a light microscope under 1000× magnifications. PCR assay targeted cytochrome (cyt ) gene using LCBF1 and LCBR2 primers and the products digested by Ssp1 enzymes. From 145 suspected CL patients, 76 (52.4%) were positive in microscopic examination. In addition, we detected gene of interest (cyt ) in 98 (67.5%). The results of PCR-RFLP indicated that 53/98 (54%) cases were and 45/98 (46%) were , and the main species in these areas was . We concluded that the microscopic examination is not sensitive enough and is not able to distinguish between different species. Instead, molecular methods like PCR-RFLP can be appropriately used with promising results.