Association of severity and prognosis with elevated blood pressure and heart rate levels in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high mortality and morbidity in the world. Elevated blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) have been identified as independent risk factors, with potential to predict prognosis and recurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Our study aimed to elucidate the association between BP and HR levels and the severity, as well as prognosis, of patients diagnosed with ICH. Methods The basic characteristics of patients and laboratory examination results, inclusive of BP and HR levels upon admission, were recorded as baseline data. The modified Rankin Scale and living status were taken into account for all patients at a 1-year follow-up. The relationship between various BP and HR levels and clinical outcome was analyzed using logistic regression and the Kaplan-Meier survival method. Results A total of 1,416 patients with acute ICH from 13 hospitals in Beijing were enrolled in our study. Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with higher HR and BP (group 4), along with those with higher HR but lower BP (group 2), exhibited a poorer prognosis compared to those with lower BP and HR (group 1). This result was particularly pronounced in younger, male subgroups (OR (95% CI) = 4.379(2.946-6.508), P < 0.0001 for group 4; OR (95% CI) = 1.819 (1.219-2.714), P = 0.0034 for group 2). At the 1-year follow-up, group 4 patients demonstrated a significantly higher rate of fatal incidence compared to other groups (P < 0.01). Conclusions Higher HR and BP levels, suggestive of an autonomic dysfunction, were independently associated with a poorer 1-year prognosis and reduced survival rate in ICH patients. Our findings underscore the need for early intervention to modulate these physiological parameters in patients with ICH. Keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage, Blood pressure, Heart rate, Prognosis