Testicular tuberculosis in an HIV positive patient mimicking malignancy: A case report

With the upsurge of tuberculosis infection compounded by the pandemic Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV), isolated testicular tuberculosis though a rarity, should be a differential diagnosis especially in the atypical age group of patients presenting with testicular swelling and in areas with high prevalence rate for tuberculosis. We present a 22 years old male with a year history of progressively increasing painless left testicular swelling with no constitutional symptoms. Both the ultrasound imaging study and fine needle aspiration cytology were equivocal. Diagnosis was established at surgical pathology after a left transinguinal orchidectomy. In areas endemic for tuberculosis an infective aetiology should always be considered for a testicular mass.