Triptolide inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 signaling pathway

Background To explore the role and mechanism of triptolide in regulating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression by mediating the circular RNA (circRNA)‐related pathway. Methods The expression levels of circNOX4, miR‐153‐3p and special AT‐rich sequence binding protein‐1 (SATB1) were measured by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation was confirmed by cell counting kit‐8 assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was employed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle process. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were detected using transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation markers and SATB1 were determined by western blot analysis. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to confirm the interaction between miR‐153‐3p and circNOX4 or SATB1. Xenograft tumor models were built to verify the effects of triptolide and circNOX4 on ESCC tumor growth. Results CircNOX4 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells, and its expression could be reduced by triptolide. Triptolide could inhibit ESCC proliferation, cell cycle process, migration, invasion, EMT process, and promote apoptosis, while these effects were reversed by circNOX4 overexpression. MiR‐153‐3p could be sponged by circNOX4, and the promotion effect of circNOX4 on the progression of triptolide‐treated ESCC cells was abolished by miR‐153‐3p overexpression. SATB1 was a target of miR‐153‐3p. Also, SATB1 knockdown reversed the enhancing effect of miR‐153‐3p inhibitor on the progression of triptolide‐treated ESCC cells. Triptolide reduced ESCC tumor growth by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 axis. Conclusion Triptolide could hinder ESCC progression, which was mainly achieved by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 axis. Triptolide could hinder the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis in ESCC cells, which was mainly achieved by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 axis.