Bioactive compounds of Calotropis gigantea for cancer treatment

Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea), a member of the Apocynaceae family, is a widely distributed plant species known for its diverse pharmacological properties. In recent years, significant attention has been directed towards exploring the therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds derived from C. gigantea in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the screening, identification, and characterization of bioactive compounds from C. gigantea for cancer therapy. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites in C. gigantea, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent anticancer activities. These bioactive compounds exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, suppression of angiogenesis, and modulation of immune responses. Additionally, C. gigantea compounds have shown synergistic interactions with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, enhancing treatment efficacy and overcoming drug resistance. Despite promising preclinical evidence, several challenges remain for the clinical translation of C. gigantea-based therapeutics. These challenges include optimizing drug delivery systems, conducting comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. Nonetheless, the growing body of evidence supporting the anticancer properties of C. gigantea compounds underscores their potential as valuable additions to the arsenal of cancer therapeutics. C. gigantea represents a promising source of bioactive compounds for cancer treatment, with potential applications in precision medicine and combination therapy strategies. Continued research efforts, interdisciplinary collaborations, and investment in innovation are essential to realize the full therapeutic potential of C. gigantea-derived compounds and improve patient outcomes in the fight against cancer. •Bioactive compounds from Calotropis gigantea show anticancer properties.•Calotropin exhibits potent cytotoxic effects against various cancer cell lines.•Gigantin exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to its anticancer activity.