Antibiotic resistance alters through iron-regulating Sigma factors during the interaction of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Iron is a limiting factor in such a condition that usually is sequestered by the host during polymicrobial infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . This study aimed to investigate the interaction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa , which alters iron-related sigma factors regulation and antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was investigated in a L929 cell culture model. The expression level of pvdS , hasI ( P. aeruginosa sigma factors), and sigS ( S. aureus sigma factor) genes was determined using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. pvdS and hasI were downregulated during co-culture with S. aureus , while the susceptibility to carbapenems increased (p-value