Predictors of treatment adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in Southern Iran based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model using structural equation modelling

ObjectivesTreatment adherence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an important factor in optimal diabetes control and prevention of mortality. The present study aimed to determine the predictability of Pender’s Health Promotion Model (HPM) constructs in T2D treatment adherence behaviour.DesignThe present cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023.SettingThe present study was conducted in Bandar Abbas, a city in Hormozgan Province, in the south of Iran.ParticipantsThe participants included 396 patients with T2D with medical records in the Hormoz Diabetes Clinic. Based on their record number, the participants were selected for inclusion in the study through a random systematic sampling.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on HPM constructs. The questionnaire was valid and reliable, achieving Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranging from 0.609 to 0.798 across various constructs. The questionnaires were completed face to face. Pearson’s correlation test, path analysis and structural equation modelling were conducted using SPSS V.23, and STATA V.15.Study stageThis study was conducted before intervention (pre-results).ResultsAs the path analysis showed, perceived self-efficacy (β=0.23, p