Prevalence estimation of diabetes mellitus among tuberculosis cases, its risk factors, and treatment outcome in Rajkot city

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the world's leading public health issues. TB with DM co-morbidity adversely affects prognosis of individual diseases and its treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at five TB units of Rajkot city for five quarters. Newly registered pulmonary TB (PTB) patients having DM during the study period were included as cases. All cases were followed up at the end of treatment to observe outcomes. Information was collected in a pretested proforma using the interview technique. Results: The prevalence of DM among PTB cases was 5%. Maximum cases were in 51-60 years (34.4%), male: female ratio was 3:1, living in urban slum (53.1%), literate (81.2%), and from middle socio-economic class (65.6%). One-fourth of the cases had family (28.1%) and past history (28.1%) of TB, and more than one-third (37.5%) of the cases had family history of DM. All cases were on daily drug adherence, and most of them (83%) were on regular follow-up. Significant association was observed with urban slum (P = 0.03) and family history of diabetes (P = 0.04) among cases. At the end of continuation phase, 82.8% of the cases were cured and 4.7% of the cases had completed treatment. Conclusion: The study reported 5% of DM among newly registered TB cases and family history of DM as its significant risk factor.