Hierarchical optimal dispatching method of transmission system operators‐distribution system operators cooperated integrated energy system considering gas‐thermal equivalence model

The integrated energy system (IES) is moving towards the large‐scale cooperation between transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO) with the coupling of electricity, heating, and gas networks. The conventional optimization method is not time‐efficient for solving such a large‐scale problem when taking account of the cooperation of TSO‐DSO of the IES. To solve such a problem, this paper proposed a hierarchical optimization framework for TSO‐DSO cooperated IES. To further improve the computation efficiency, the equivalent models of heating and gas system that retain the heating inertia characteristic and gas pipe storage characteristic are presented. A computation method for the TSO‐DSO cooperated IES is also proposed from the hierarchical distributed optimization perspective. The case study confirms the efficacy of the proposed gas‐thermal equivalent model in significantly enhancing computational speed. Furthermore, the proven effectiveness of the hierarchical distributed optimization approach in leveraging the full potential of flexible resources in transmission and distribution systems while safeguarding internal information privacy enables the development of robust dispatching strategies for each system. The paper introduces a hierarchical optimization framework for transmission system operators (TSO)‐distribution system operators (DSO) cooperated integrated energy system (IES), along with equivalent models preserving system characteristics. It also suggests a hierarchical distributed optimization approach to enhance computation efficiency for the TSO‐DSO cooperated IES.