Long-term Follow-up After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard of care in the majority of patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Data on long-term mortality and durability of transcatheter heart valves (THVs) beyond 5 years are limited. Our study aimed to assess elderly and high-risk patients’ long-term outcomes treated with TAVR in a prospective single-centre registry focusing on the durability of THVs. We included 795 patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis treated by transfemoral TAVR between 2006 and 2011. Echocardiography was performed at baseline; discharge; 1 year; and afterward, annually, until the longest available follow-up. Mortality rates were estimated for 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 years. The rates of structural valve deterioration (SVD) and bioprosthetic valve failure (BVF) were assessed in accordance with consensus definitions. Outcome measures were adjudicated according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 (VARC-2). Median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 1345 (316; 2015) days. One-year, 5-year, 6-year, 7-year, and 8-year overall mortality was 25.4%, 59.0%, 64.6%, 67.9%, and 69.2%, respectively. At 8 years, no significant differences in mortality were found comparing self-expanding vs balloon-expandable valves (69.5% vs 68.0%, P = 0.709) and postdilatation (PD) vs no-PD (69.4% vs 69.2%, P = 0.363). SVD was detected in 26 patients (3.3%), and 19 (2.4%) of the 795 patients had evidence of BVF during follow-up. Our study demonstrates good long-term results for high-risk patients who were alive up to 8 years after TAVR. Le remplacement valvulaire aortique par cathéter (RVAC) est maintenant la norme de soins dans la majorité des cas de sténose de l’aorte grave symptomatique. On dispose de peu de données sur la mortalité à long terme et sur la durabilité des valves cardiaques transcathéter (VCT) au-delà de 5 ans. Nous avons donc évalué les résultats à long terme, notamment la durabilité des VCT, chez les patients âgés et les patients exposés à un risque élevé traités par RVAC figurant dans un registre prospectif unicentrique. Notre étude comprenait 795 patients présentant une sténose calcifiée de l’aorte grave traitée par RVAC transfémoral entre 2006 et 2011. Une échocardiographie a été réalisée au départ, à la sortie de l’hôpital, 1 an plus tard et tous les ans par la suite, jusqu’au suivi le plus long disponible. Les taux de mortalité à 1, 5, 6, 7 et 8 ans ont été estimés. Les taux de détérioration structurelle des va