Fine Motor Precision Tasks: Sex Differences in Performance with and without Visual Guidance across Different Age Groups

Previous studies have reported certain sex differences in motor performance precision. The aim of the present study was to analyze sex differences in fine motor precision performance for both hands under different test conditions. Fine motor tasks were performed by 220 Spanish participants (ages: 12-95), tracing over the provided models - lines of 40 mm for both hands, two sensory conditions (PV-proprioceptive-visual; P-proprioceptive only) and three movement types (F-frontal, T-transversal, and S-sagittal). Differences in line length (the task focused on precision) were observed through MANOVA analysis for all test conditions, both sexes and different age groups. Sex differences in precision were observed in F and T movement types (statistically significance level and higher Cohens' d were observed in condition with vision). No statistically significant differences were observed for both hands and sensory conditions in sagittal movement. Sex differences in fine motor precision were more frequently observed in the PV sensory condition in frontal movement and less in sagittal movement.