Phenotypic characterization of wheat germplasm for heritability and dissection of association among post anthesis traits under variable sowing dates

The world's main crop for producing staple foods is wheat. In South Asia's cotton-wheat cropping system, however, a late cotton harvest causes a delayed wheat planting, which causes significant production losses. Therefore, this study investigated genetic diversity among wheat genotypes for late sowing. Additionally, associations between several yield-related parameters were discovered, along with their direct and indirect implications on the choice of the best genotypes suitable for late planting. Twenty wheat genotypes/advance lines were evaluated under two sowing times, i.e., normal sowing and late sowing for two consecutive years (2019–2021). Data regarding post anthesis traits were collected. The findings showed that planting dates and genotypes substantially (p