A Case-Control Study on the Association between Salmonella Bacteriuria and Cystoscopy

To date, there is only one published report of an outbreak of urinary tract infections by species after cystoscopy. Disinfection procedures for cystoscope have come into question. The current study aimed to determine the odds of developing bacteriuria after cystoscopy. A retrospective case-control study was conducted on all patients with species in urine (case) and blood (control) from 2017 to 2019 in 16 hospitals in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Eight of the 11 patients had cystoscopy prior to bacteriuria; three of the 74 patients had urological procedures prior to bacteremia, but none of their procedures were cystoscopy. The odds ratio of urological procedures with bacteriuria was 63.1 (95% CI 10.9 to 366.6; < 0.0001). In the bacteriuria group, the most frequently identified isolates were (n = 8), followed by , and . Seven of the isolates had identical susceptibilities (ampicillin-sensitive; sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-sensitive; ciprofloxacin intermediate). In the bacteremia group, the most frequently identified isolates were (n = 22), followed by , , , and . The result suggested cystoscopy is a risk factor for bacteriuria. Identification of bacteriuria should prompt public health investigations of linkage between cystoscopy and bacteriuria.