An exceptional case of myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis following combination chemotherapy for squamous cell lung cancer

A 60-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma in the right lung was successfully treated with four cycles of combination chemotherapy after surgery, and complete remission was achieved. However, the patient developed myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS） RAEB-2 with myelofibrosis after remission, possibly because of chemotherapy or DNA methylation. The patient responded well to dacitabine （Dacogen）, suggesting that DNA hypomethylation agents can be a promising therapy to retard the progression of a second tumor or carcinoma.