GRADED UNIPOTENT GROUPS AND GROSSHANS THEORY

Let $U$ be a unipotent group which is graded in the sense that it has an extension $H$ by the multiplicative group of the complex numbers such that all the weights of the adjoint action on the Lie algebra of $U$ are strictly positive. We study embeddings of $H$ in a general linear group $G$ which possess Grosshans-like properties. More precisely, suppose $H$ acts on a projective variety $X$ and its action extends to an action of $G$ which is linear with respect to an ample line bundle on $X$ . Then, provided that we are willing to twist the linearization of the action of $H$ by a suitable (rational) character of $H$ , we find that the $H$ -invariants form a finitely generated algebra and hence define a projective variety $X/\!/H$ ; moreover, the natural morphism from the semistable locus in $X$ to $X/\!/H$ is surjective, and semistable points in $X$ are identified in $X/\!/H$ if and only if the closures of their $H$ -orbits meet in the semistable locus. A similar result applies when we replace $X$ by its product with the projective line; this gives us a projective completion of a geometric quotient of a $U$ -invariant open subset of $X$ by the action of the unipotent group $U$ .