Nanoscale metal–organic framework-mediated immunogenic cell death boosting tumor immunotherapy

[Display omitted] •Recent application of nanoscale metal–organic framework (NMOF)-mediated immunogenic cell death (ICD) are summarized.•NMOFs combinations of various therapies modalities induced ICD exhibits significant clinical potential.•The challenges and prospects of NMOF-mediated ICD are described.•NMOFs induced ICD is a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has evolved into a powerful therapeutic strategy for tumor prevention and treatment. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) causes the release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which trigger adaptive immune cells to elicit an antitumor immune response. The ICD induced by nanoscale metal–organic framework (NMOF) represents a promising strategy for activating the immune system and remodeling the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment into the antitumor immune microenvironment, showing clinical transformation potential in clinical applications. In this review, NMOF- mediated ICD combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, sonodynamic therapy, as well as other therapies was summarized. Furthermore, we also discussed the challenges and prospects of NMOF-mediated ICD to promote tumor immunotherapy.