Investigation of bioactive constituents and evaluation of in vitro bioactivities of different Setaria glauca extracts

The aim of this research was to look at the various biological potentials and phytochemical components of S. glauca. Utilizing FT-IR spectroscopy, different functional groups were identified. Tests for total reducing power (TRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DPPH were employed to assess the antioxidant qualities of a specific medicinal plant. The antibacterial activity of five different strains of bacteria were assessed using the disc diffusion method. Laboratory-cultured nauplii were killed in the brine shrimp lethality experiment to assess the cytotoxic capability. Statistical software version 8.1 was utilized to conduct an analysis of variance (ANOVA), with each experiment being repeated three times. In S. glauca, ten distinct functional groups were found. TAC (SGM = 20.07 AAE/g) and DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50 = 28.38 µg/mL) were noted in the methanol extract of S. glauca (SGM) as well as the total reducing power (TRP) of 62.87 GAE/g was found in SGM. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using several types of bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition (MI) against P. aeruginosa (ATCC) was found in SGC (12 ± 1.0 mm mean value). The chloroform extract of S. glauca (SGC) exhibited the highest cytotoxic potential, with an LC50 of 31.12 µg/mL. The present investigation examined the remarkable biological capabilities exhibited by S. glauca. Future research in therapeutic development could potentially be enhanced by the isolation and characterization of these bioactive compounds through further research.