Implications of the gut microbiome in cardiovascular diseases: Association of gut microbiome with cardiovascular diseases, therapeutic interventions and multi-omics approach for precision medicine

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health burden, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in their pathogenesis and progression. This review paper aims to comprehensively analyze the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular health. An extensive examination of existing literature explores how gut microbial composition and function influence CVD risk factors, such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation. Additionally, we delve into the impact of dietary patterns, medications, and lifestyle factors on shaping the gut microbiota and how these changes can exacerbate or ameliorate cardiovascular outcomes. We also discuss COVID-19, gut microbiome and CVDs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of gut microbiome-targeted interventions as promising avenues for preventing and managing CVDs. By consolidating the current knowledge, this review aims to shed light on the intricate link between the gut microbiome and cardiovascular diseases and highlights the potential for novel therapeutic strategies to combat this significant public health challenge. •The review focuses on the significant role of gut microbes in the pathogenesis and progression of CVDs.•The review highlights the microbial influence on key drivers of cardiovascular health.•The review explores the effects of dietary patterns, medications, and lifestyle choices on shaping the gut microbiota.•The review also addresses the intersection of COVID-19 with the gut microbiome and CVDs.•The review highlights the potential of gut microbial interventions as promising strategies for preventing and managing CVDs.