Effects of easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, and pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled trial

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an easy listening music intervention on satisfaction, anxiety, pain, sedative and analgesic medication requirements, and physiological parameters in Chinese adult patients undergoing colonoscopy in Hong Kong. Patients undergoing colonoscopy, aged 45 or older, able to communicate in Chinese, and hemodynamically stable were invited for the study. A randomized controlled trial was adopted. Eligible patients were randomly assigned either to a music group, which received standard care and additional easy listening music (a series of 15 popular non-rock Chinese songs) through earphones and MP3 for 20 mins before and during the procedure, or to a control group which received standard care only. Standard care comprised of all nursing and medical care provided for patients undergoing colonoscopy. Measures comprised of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, visual analog scales of pain level, procedure satisfaction and satisfaction with pain management, the use of sedative and analgesic drugs, heart rate, and blood pressure data were collected at baseline (T0), during (T1) and 30 mins after the procedure (T2). Eighty participants (40 music vs 40 control) completed the study with no attrition. Participants in the music group reported significantly higher levels in both procedure satisfaction ( =0.043) and satisfaction with pain management ( =0.045) than those in the control group. No significant difference was found between groups on anxiety, pain, additional sedative and analgesic use, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( >0.05). Nevertheless, most participants appreciated the songs provided in MP3 and found it helpful for relaxation during the procedure and would prefer it again (