Performance evaluation of Uruguayan dairy farming systems
In the last 20 years, the Uruguayan dairy sector has intensified and concentrated on higher cow productivity, maintaining the herd, smaller land, and fewer farms. The research aims are to identify, describe, and evaluate the economic performance of different types of dairy farms. A sample of 284 far...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Agrociencia Uruguay 2024-09, Vol.28 (NE1), p.e1209 |
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Zusammenfassung: | In the last 20 years, the Uruguayan dairy sector has intensified and concentrated on higher cow productivity, maintaining the herd, smaller land, and fewer farms. The research aims are to identify, describe, and evaluate the economic performance of different types of dairy farms. A sample of 284 farms from the National Dairy Farm Survey 2019 was used (representing 2,021 dairies); using k-means Cluster analysis with the variables: cow productivity, stocking rate, land productivity, concentrate, roughage, and grass intake (per hectare). We identified six farm types, three with high participation of grass in the cows’ diets (HG, 60% or more of dry matter intake), and the other three focused on supplementation (HS); with three intensification levels (1-low, 2-intermediate and 3-high productivity per ha). For the 2018/19 season three types of farms presented the best economic performance (HS-3, HG-3, and HG-2), including those with the highest stocking rate and grass intake per hectare, and more than USD 225 Economic Farm Surplus (EFS) per hectare with the lower unitary cost. Other two types exhibited intermediate economic performance (HS-2 and HG-1) with EFS close to zero and unitary cost similar to price. And one type (HS-1) displayed the worst economic performance, with negative indicators and the largest number of farms with very low productivity.
En los últimos 20 años la lechería uruguaya ha sufrido un proceso de intensificación y concentración con mayor productividad animal, rodeo constante, menor superficie y menor cantidad de establecimientos. La investigación buscó identificar, describir y evaluar la performance económica de los diferentes tipos de explotaciones lecheras. Se utilizó una muestra de la Encuesta Lechera 2019 con 284 remitentes (que representan a 2021 sistemas), usando el análisis de Cluster K-means con las variables productividad de las vacas, carga animal, productividad de la tierra y consumo de concentrado, forraje y pasto (por hectárea). Identificamos seis tipos, tres con alta participación del pasto en la dieta (HG, 60% o más del consumo de materia seca) y otros tres focalizados en suplementación (HS), y con tres niveles de intensificación (1-baja, 2-intermedia y 3-alta productividad por hectárea). Para el ejercicio 2018/19 tres tipos presentaron la mejor performance económica (HS-3, HG-3 y HG-2), incluidos los de mayor carga y consumo de pasto por hectárea, que lograron ingreso de capital superior a USD 225 por hectárea y con el men |
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ISSN: | 2730-5066 2730-5066 |
DOI: | 10.31285/AGRO.28.1209 |