Radiomics combined with clinical features in distinguishing non-calcifying tuberculosis granuloma and lung adenocarcinoma in small pulmonary nodules

To evaluate the performance of radiomics models with the combination of clinical features in distinguishing non-calcified tuberculosis granuloma (TBG) and lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) in small pulmonary nodules. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 280 patients with pulmonary nodules confirmed by surgical biopsy from January 2017 to December 2020. Samples were divided into LAC group ( = 143) and TBG group ( = 137). We assigned them to a training dataset ( = 196) and a testing dataset ( = 84). Clinical features including gender, age, smoking, CT appearance (size, location, spiculated sign, lobulated shape, vessel convergence, and pleural indentation) were extracted and included in the radiomics models. 3D slicer and FAE software were used to delineate the Region of Interest (ROI) and extract clinical features. The performance of the model was evaluated by the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC). Based on the model selection, clinical features gender, and age in the LAC group and TBG group showed a significant difference in both datasets (