Accuracy of the Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Detection of Bone Invasion in Patients with Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review

This review article aims to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with respect to other imaging methods in detection of bone tissue invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The review was carried out of English language studies in PubMed Search, National Library of Medicine, between 1990 and 2017. For each study, sensitivity, specificity, and positive (LR+) and negative (LR-) likelihood ratio, as well as the diagnostic accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Of the 62 collected articles, 7 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Tests and respective articles included were computed tomography (CT four studies), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, five studies), C (two studies), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT two studies), multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT two studies), and panoramic radiography (PR, two studies). The analytic data show values of LR+ were 14.4 (CT), 37.9 (MRI), 27.8 (CBCT), 25.5 (SPECT), 37.0 (MSCT), 4.8 (PR), respectively. The values of LR- were 0.35 (CT), 0.24 (MRI), 0.10 (CBCT), 0.06 (SPECT), 0.31 (MSCT), and 0.36 (PR), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for bone tissue invasion by OSCC were 90.31%-74.91% (CT), 90.63%-78.69% (MRI), 80.05%-89.83% (CBCT), 72.97%-95.53% (SPECT), 87.44%-73.74% (MSCT), and 84.245%-69.18% (PR), respectively. The level of scientific evidence available today is weak. To better define the impact of CBCT on clinical decision-making, further studies with uniform methodological approach are needed. Keywords: Oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, cone beam computed tomography, diagnostic accuracy, bone invasion