Morphofunctional transformation of the thyroid gland in poisoning with heavy metals and their compounds (literature review)

This review contains up-to-date data on the role of heavy metal ions in the functioning of the thyroid gland. Collected data on the effect of heavy metals on the metabolism of iodine in the body. The influence of a combination of iodine deficiency and changes in the concentration of certain metal ions in the body on the morphology and function of the thyroid gland is described. Ambiguous data are presented on the results of clinical and experimental studies aimed at identifying the role of deficiency and / or excess of copper, iron, zinc and selenium compounds entering the body in the formation of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. Also described are the results of experiments aimed at identifying morphological and functional changes in the thyroid gland when excessive doses of lead, mercury, nickel, manganese, nickel and cobalt compounds enter the body.