Efficacy and Safety of Naproxen Gel in Musculoskeletal Pain Management: A Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Naproxen is effective for various musculoskeletal conditions and has a longer half-life, making it a favourable choice for sustained relief. Additionally, there is a potential unmet need for guidelines on the usage of topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the Asia-Pacific region. A study on naproxen 10% gel aims to address this need and increase awareness of its therapeutic potential in the region. Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of naproxen 10% gel in relieving pain associated with lower back, knee, cervical, synovitis, bursitis, muscle sprain, and tendinitis. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cohort, observational, open-label, single-arm, multicentric study was conducted at 458 centres in India, including Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Meerut, Mumbai, Patna, and Pune, between February 2023 and May 2023. The data was collected from outpatient settings/clinics of orthopaedicians and clinicians who have been prescribing topical naproxen 10% gel to their patients. The study included patients aged 18 to 60 years of either sex who were suffering from back pain, muscle pain, sprains, frozen shoulder, arthritis, acute low back ache (non-specific), or pain. The data was captured during the scheduled follow-up visits planned by the treating clinician, with data recorded at 3, 5, 10, and 15 days. At the baseline visit, demographic details (age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, and symptoms), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale score, pain intensity on movement score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and overall pain score were obtained. Results: Out of 10,587 patients, 10,265 completed the present study. The majority of patients had lower back pain (n=3386, 32.99%) and knee pain (n=3184, 31.02%). The average pain intensity on movement score of patients with bursitis significantly decreased from the baseline to 15 days {mean change {95% Confidence Interval (CI)}: 6.04 (5.89, 6.20); p