Enhancing the performance of thermal energy storage by adding nano-particles with paraffin phase change materials

Phase change materials (PCMs) are now being extensively used in thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Numerous researchers conducted experiments using various circumstances and materials to optimize storage performance. A study was conducted to compare the numerical research of the melting process of paraffin wax using a hybrid nano-integrated paraffin PCM with graphene oxide (GO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a TES unit. Hence, this research focuses on a sustainable TES system using hybrid nanomaterials (PCM + GO, PCM + SWCNTs, PCM + GO + SWCNT) with varying concentrations of nanoparticles. The objective is to improve the thermal characteristics of PCMs. The main aim of this study is to examine the numerical analysis of the system inside a TES that has a rectangular form. The numerical experiments were conducted using the finite-volume solver Ansys Fluent. The obtained findings show the thermophysical characteristics fluctuations with respect to the solid volume fractions, liquid fraction, temperature, and velocity inside the TES system. Implementing an effective heat transfer mechanism from the point of capture to storage and later consumption necessitates the employment of a heat transfer fluid. The inclusion of SWCNT particles at a concentration of just 10% has been seen to expedite the melting phenomenon. Furthermore, incorporating GO in conjunction with SWCNT alleviates this phenomenon, resulting in a melting behavior that resembles that of unadulterated paraffin. Additionally, the introduction of just 1% GO, combined with SWCNT, leads to a rapid alteration in surface heat transfer coefficient compared to the scenario with single SWCNT and paraffin. These insights hold practical relevance for the development of TES systems in various applications.