HIV viral load suppression following intensive adherence counseling among people living with HIV on treatment at military-managed health facilities in Uganda

•Data on HIV outcomes from health facilities managed by the military are scarce.•Only 43% of participants had a suppressed viral load after intensive adherence counseling.•Intensive adherence counselling increased the odds of HIV viral re-suppression by 56%.•A high initial HIV viral load was associated with subsequent non-suppression. Background: Uniformed service personnel have an increased risk of poor viral load suppression (VLS). This study was performed to evaluate the outcomes of interventions to improve VLS in the 28 military health facilities in Uganda. Methods: This operational research was conducted between October 2018 and September 2019, among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the 28 health facilities managed by the military in Uganda. Patients with a viral load (VL) >1000 copies/ml received three sessions of intensive adherence counselling (IAC), 1 month apart, after which a repeat VL was done. The main outcome was the proportion with a suppressed VL following IAC. Results: Of the 965 participants included in this analysis, 592 (61.4%) were male and 367 (38.3%) were female. Average age was 35.5 ± 13.7 years, and 87.8% had at least one IAC session. At least 48.2% had a suppressed repeat VL. IAC increased the odds of VLS by 82% (P = 0.004), with adjusted OR of 1.56 (P = 0.054). An initial VL >10 000 copies/ml, being on antiretroviral therapy for at least 2 years, being male, and being