Variability of the declared recycled content by changing allocation methods: A case study on plastic waste recycling

The Chain of Custody (CoC) standard tracks the recycled content (RC) of products, in most cases using the Mass Balance model. This model freely allows the selection of allocation methods and timeframes for the RC evaluation. Our work opens a discussion on the potential effects of this freedom in the RC evaluation. Firstly, we defined the general model representing the viable allocation methods and timeframe, and secondly, we applied the model to a case study. The mass balance model simplifies the monitoring of RC and encourages companies to use recycled materials. However, we outline the need for actions on stricter RC calculation and reporting, for instance, by reducing the timeframe of mass balance calculation or promoting the controlled blending model, which guarantees the physical presence of RC in the product. The results provide a basis for policymakers to set requirements for RC evaluation. [Display omitted] •Chain of Custody can be used to track the recycled content in plastic industry.•Mass balance model simplifies the recycled content monitoring and reporting.•Freedom in allocation methods of the mass balance model may result in greenwashing.•Strict regulations should be defined for recycled content calculation and reporting.