Does executives' overseas experience improve firms' labor investment efficiency?

Based on upper echelons theory and using a sample of private Chinese A-share listed firms from 2008 to 2020, this paper studies the impact of executives' overseas experience on firms' labor investment efficiency. The results show that executives with overseas experience significantly enhance firms' labor investment efficiency. After distinguishing between different types of overseas experience, the results show that executives with only study experience or with both study and work experience abroad have a significant positive effect on firms' labor investment efficiency, while executives with only overseas work experience have no significant effect. A cross-sectional analysis based on labor adjustment costs shows that the positive impact of executives' overseas experience is more pronounced in labor-intensive firms, firms with a greater proportion of R&D investment and firms with a higher percentage of highly educated employees. The mechanism tests show that executives with overseas experience can optimize labor investment efficiency by lowering agency costs, attracting analyst attention and alleviating financing constraints under conditions of underemployment. This study enriches the literature on the characteristics of executive teams and the efficiency of labor investment, providing reference and inspiration for firms to attract more high-quality returnees and optimize their labor resource allocation.