Microenvironmental stiffness induces metabolic reprogramming in glioblastoma

The mechanical properties of solid tumors influence tumor cell phenotype and the ability to invade surrounding tissues. Using bioengineered scaffolds to provide a matrix microenvironment for patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) spheroids, this study demonstrates that a soft, brain-like matrix induces GBM cells to shift to a glycolysis-weighted metabolic state, which supports invasive behavior. We first show that orthotopic murine GBM tumors are stiffer than peritumoral brain tissues, but tumor stiffness is heterogeneous where tumor edges are softer than the tumor core. We then developed 3D scaffolds with μ-compressive moduli resembling either stiffer tumor core or softer peritumoral brain tissue. We demonstrate that the softer matrix microenvironment induces a shift in GBM cell metabolism toward glycolysis, which manifests in lower proliferation rate and increased migration activities. Finally, we show that these mechanical cues are transduced from the matrix via CD44 and integrin receptors to induce metabolic and phenotypic changes in cancer cells. [Display omitted] •Tissue mechanics vary across xenografted glioblastoma (GBM) tumors•Microenvironmental stiffness directly influences GBM cell metabolism•Stiffness-mediated changes in metabolism dictate GBM cell proliferation and invasion Sohrabi et al. report the measurement of regional mechanical properties of glioblastoma tumors and identify that tumor stiffness directly influences the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells, which determines whether they exhibit proliferative or invasive behavior.