Ethics on the learning curve

Advances in surgical techniques and technologies require surgeons to constantly retrain and adopt these into their practices. Until the surgeon gains proficiency in the new technique, he is said to be on the learning curve. During this time, the patient is at higher risk of adverse outcomes. This poses significant ethical challenges. Several factors impact the surgeon's decision-making and ability to obtain a truly informed consent. These factors include personal bias - both the surgeons and the patients, absence of high-quality evidence, and market forces. This paper describes the ethical dilemmas faced by surgeons as they adopt newer technologies into their practice. It suggests measures that can ensure that surgical progress does not happen at the cost of patient safety.