Nutritional, phytochemical, and in vitro anticancer potential of sugar apple (Annona squamosa) fruits
In plants, Fruits and their wastes are the main sources of bioactive compounds. Currently, Annona fruits have attracted the attention of people interested in health-promoting foods due to their phytochemical content that their activities were not studied before. This study aimed to explore the poten...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2021-03, Vol.11 (1), p.6224-6224, Article 6224 |
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Zusammenfassung: | In plants, Fruits and their wastes are the main sources of bioactive compounds. Currently, Annona fruits have attracted the attention of people interested in health-promoting foods due to their phytochemical content that their activities were not studied before. This study aimed to explore the potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and in vitro anticancer activity of two cultivars
Annona squamosa
(
Annona b.
and
Annona h.
) seed, peel, and pulp. We also meausred phenolic, flavonoid, sulfated polysaccharide, tannins, and triterpenoids. Polyphenol identification was determined using RP-HPLC. Results of the antioxidant activity revealed that the highest activity was observed for
Annona h.
seed extract using DPPH and ABTS assays with IC
50
6.07 ± 0.50 and 9.58 ± 0.53 µg/ml, respectively. The antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic strains revealed that the peel extracts of both
Annona b.
and
Annona h.
exhibited the best antimicrobial activity. We also assessed the IC
50
values for anticancer activity in all six
Annona b.
and
Annona h
samples against four cancer cell lines colon (Caco-2), prostate (PC3), liver (HepG-2), and breast (MCF-7) using MTT assay.
Annona b.
and
Annona h
seed extracts had the lowest IC
50
values for four cancer cell lines with 7.31 ± 0.03 and 15.99 ± 1.25 for PC-3 and MCF-7, respectively. Both seed extracts,
Annona b.
and
Annona h.
, showed significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated p53 in all treated cell lines. Apoptosis was evaluated using nuclear staining, flow cytometric analysis, and immunohistochemistry of the proliferation marker (Ki-67). Additional studies are required to characterize the bioactive compounds responsible for the observed activities of Annona seed and determine its mechanism as an anticancer drug. |
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ISSN: | 2045-2322 2045-2322 |
DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-021-85772-8 |