Structural and Morphological Properties of Single and Mixed Halide Pb-Based Perovskites

Single and mixed-halide perovskite solar cells have attracted much research attention in recent years due to the conditions of low-cost thin film solar cell technology. For this current research, perovskite materials CH3NH3PbCl3, CH3NH3PbI2Cl, CH3NH3PbICl2, and CH3NH3PbI3 have been synthesized and deposited on clean glass substrates by spin coating process. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared thin films have been studied by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. All the perovskite showed fine crystallinity, possessing a tetragonal phase. The average crystallite sizes of the prepared samples are obtained to be 20.77 nm, 30.18 nm, 31.11 nm, and 42.23 nm, respectively. The lattice strain decreased with increasing crystallite size. A drastic change was observed in the morphological properties of the perovskites. The perovskite grains change from microrods to microcube by substituting iodine with chlorine ions.