Influence of sex on renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system metabolites and enzymes in Doberman Pinschers

Background Estrogen modulates the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) in women, but sex differences have not been fully explored in dogs. Objective We hypothesized that the RAAS profile of intact female (IF) Doberman Pinschers (DP) would differ from spayed female (SF) and intact male (IM) DP. Animals Eighteen healthy DP (6 IF, 6 SF, 6 IM). Methods Absolute and indexed RAAS metabolites, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 activities, and genotypes (pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase 4, titin, and ACE variants) were compared among sex groups using Kruskal‐Wallis or chi‐square tests, and linear regression controlling for age. Data are expressed as median (minimum, maximum) and P