Sicurezza urbana “partecipata”: privatizzata, statalizzata o pubblica?

The foundations for participated security rest within the framework of urban security, which substantially extends the concept of public security. This new concept entails a plurality of levels (multi-level) and agencies (multi-agency), being them public institutions or private organizations. Paradoxically, security policies oscillate between two opposite tendencies. On the one hand, the ongoing erosion of the State monopoly of legitimate force caused by the aggressive strategy of private competitors. On the other hand, the “blurring” of the boundaries between internal and international security and, accordingly, between the functions performed by the police and the military, due to the emergence of new threats in the domestic and international field.