Biosynthesis of Nickel oxide Nanoparticles from Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) and their biological application

[Display omitted] •Nickel oxide Nanoparticles were prepared using ecofriendly bio synthesis route.•Characterization of biosynthesized NiO NPs was confirmed by XRD, UV-DRS, FT-IR, SEM-EDAX and TEM techniques.•Biosynthesized NiO NPs exhibiting Direct haemolytic and Anticoagulant properties.•Biosynthesized NiO NPs shows significant antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties.•Biosynthesis of Nickel oxide Nanoparticles from Euphorbia heterophylla (L.) and their biological application. Nickel oxide Nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were synthesized from E. heterophylla (L.) leaves extract act as reducing/capping agent by biosynthesis process. Further the synthesized NiO NPs was subjected for structural, optical and biological properties. The XRD pattern of NiO NPS exhibit face centred cubic (FCC) crystalline structure. The UV-DR spectrum of biosynthesized NiO NPs exhibited optical properties with well-defined at 321 nm and its exhibits optical band gap is 3.24 eV. The FT-IR spectrum of NiO NPs shows stretching vibration of Ni-O at 452 cm−1. The morphological features of NiO NPs are rhombohedra and slightly agglomerated and then size of the biosynthesized NiO NPs as found in the range of 12–15 nm. The NiO NPs shows vital non-toxic properties on human erythrocytes and its interference in activity coagulation cascade both on PRP and PPP on human blood. The Bactericidal activity of NiO NPs was shows significant inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacterial strains. Further, NiO NPs show significant cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cell line (A549) and human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cell lines. Therefore, the study reveals states that, the E. heterophylla (L.) leaves extract is an effective reducing/capping agent for the formation of NiO NPs and its exhibits biological properties.