Characteristics and distribution model of wind and wave in Shengsi mussel culture area under the impacts of tropical cyclones

The primary industry in Shengsi County, Zhejiang Province, China, is the raft-based cultivation of Mytilus coruscus, which is highly sensitive to wind and wave disturbances. This study aims to understand the characteristics of tropical cyclones along Zhejiang's coast, their relation to climate change, and the impact of wind and waves on Shengsi mussel farming during cyclones. Analyzing data from 2000 to 2018, including tropical cyclone paths, wind and wave data, and mussel farming statistics, the research identifies four cyclone path types, with the peak prevalence from July to September. Annual cyclone energy fluctuates, peaking in August. In the cyclone impact zone, the average wind speed is 24.59 m/s. Type D cyclones have the most significant impact. A linear relationship exists between cyclone center distance and wind speed/wave height. Extreme wind speed and wave height follow the Gumbel joint probability distribution. Since 2000, the Shengsi mussel farming area experienced an 11.20-year return period for wind and waves from the strongest cyclone, Muifa. Given the recurrence period of Muifa intensity cyclones in 2020 and the following years, the study recommends disaster preparedness for the Shengsi mussel farming area and emphasizes the role of mutual aid insurance.