Prevalence and temporal trends of prostate diseases among inpatients with cardiovascular disease: a nationwide real-world database survey in Japan

IntroductionBenign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are major prostate diseases that potentially share cardiometabolic risk factors and an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the prevalence of prostate diseases among patients with established CVD remains unclear.Materials and methodsThis nationwide retrospective study assessed the prevalence and temporal trend of prostate diseases (i.e., BPH or PCa) among patients hospitalized for CVDs in Japan. We used a claims database (the Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases-Diagnosis Procedure Combination), which included data on 6,078,487 male patients recorded from 1,058 hospitals between April 2012 and March 2020. We conducted the Cochran-Armitage trend test and calculated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe prevalence of prostate diseases over the entire study period was 5.7% (BPH, 4.4%; PCa, 1.6%). When dividing the overall cohort into age categories (