Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum and Fructooligosaccharides Combination Inhibits the Growth, Adhesion, Invasion, and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes

is a foodborne pathogen responsible for many food outbreaks worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the single and combined effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and subsp. CICC 6257 ( ) on the growth, adhesion, invasion, and virulence of gene expressions of 19112 serotype 4b ( ). Results showed that combined with 2% and 4% ( / ) FOS significantly ( < 0.05) inhibited the growth of (3-3.5 log CFU/mL reduction) at the incubation temperature of 10 °C and 25 °C. Under the same combination condition, the invasion rates of to Caco-2 and BeWo cells were reduced more than 90% compared to the result of the untreated group. After was combined with the 2% and 4% ( / ) FOS treatment, the gene expression of actin-based motility, sigma factor, internalin A, internalin B, positive regulatory factor A, and listeriolysin O significantly ( < 0.05) were reduced over 91%, 77%, 92%, 89%, 79%, and 79% compared to the result of the untreated group, respectively. The inhibition level of the and FOS combination against was higher than that of FOS or alone. Overall, these results indicated that the and FOS combination might be an effective formula against .