Thermal management of nanofluid flow through porous container with impose of Lorentz force

This article thoroughly examined the impact of Lorentz and buoyancy forces on the movement of nanomaterials within a sealed container. The magnetic field was aligned with the x-axis, while gravity acted along the y-axis. The container featured a heated inner surface and a curved outer surface kept at a lower temperature, with a permeable domain allowing fluid flow. Using nanomaterials of various shapes was found to enhance heat transfer effectively. The investigation provides valuable insights into optimizing heat transfer in practical applications by utilizing the interaction between magnetic and buoyancy forces. The analysis applied Darcy’s formulation to account for permeable media and simplified the equations using a stream function concept. The numerical code underwent rigorous verification to ensure its accuracy and reliability. Introducing nanoparticles significantly increased the Nusselt number (Nu), indicating an approximate 41.42 % improvement in heat transfer efficiency. Additionally, raising the parameter “m” resulted in an 11.76 % increase in Nu. However, increasing Ha led to a 46.72 % reduce in Nu, reflecting reduced heat transfer efficiency. In contrast, boosting the Rayleigh number (Ra) substantially increased Nu, enhancing heat transfer efficiency by about 59.78 %.