A zero‐watermarking technique based on i‐vector model for audio copyright protection

Audio zero‐watermarking is a promising technology for audio copyright protection. It does not modify the content of the original carrier and has good imperceptibility. Considering that i‐vector model can map audio signals of different lengths into a vector space of fixed length, which has good robustness against desynchronization attacks, a robust audio zero‐watermarking technique based on i‐vector model is proposed here. The proposed scheme extracts the i‐vector of the input signal to identify its inherent stability features and then generates a key by XOR operation on the watermark and encoded feature sequences. Experimental results show that this scheme can effectively resist common attacks and desynchronization attacks.