Analysis of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some endemic medicinal plants

This study was designed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Onobrychis nitida, Hedysarum cappadocicum, Ebenus laguroides and Ebenus macrophylla which are medicinal plants and endemic for the flora of Turkey. The RP-HPLC-DAD (reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector) was used to evaluate the phenolic contents. The antioxidant properties were determined to use total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH• radical scavenging activity assays. Antibacterial tests were performed against 11 different microorganisms by using the microwell dilution method. Each of the plant extracts were confirmed by bioactive assays which demonstrated a significant activity due to different chemical characteristics. Especially, rutin was the dominant component in Ebenus species with 19.434-11.808 mg phenolic/g extract. While the highest phenolic content (101.73 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) was observed in O. nitida, the highest FRAP value was in E. laguroides (719.09 μM FeSO4.7H2O equivalent), and the strongest DPPH degree was in the E. macrophylla extract with IC50: 69.45 μg/mL, respectively. Although plant extracts didn’t have efficient values for antimicrobial activity, the slight effect was arisen in O. nitida against B. subtilis and S. aureus. The results showed that all the extracts could be used in pharmacological or dietary applications due to their valuable properties. This study was designed to evaluate the phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Onobrychis nitida, Hedysarum cappadocicum, Ebenus laguroides and Ebenus macrophylla which are medicinal plants and endemic for the flora of Turkey. The RP-HPLC-DAD (reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector) was used to evaluate the phenolic contents. The antioxidant properties were determined to use total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH• radical scavenging activity assays. Antibacterial tests were performed against 11 different microorganisms by using the microwell dilution method. Each of the plant extracts were confirmed by bioactive assays which demonstrated a significant activity due to different chemical characteristics. Especially, rutin was the dominant component in Ebenus species with 19.434-11.808 mg phenolic/g extract. While the highest phenolic content (1