Analysis of cytokine response characteristics and immunopathogenetic effects of double-stranded sodium salt RNA-based drug for postexposure prophylaxis against novel coronavirus infection: double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

The aim of the work was to study сytokine response characteristics in the group of persons contacted by a novel coronavirus infection depending on the development of the disease over the next 14 days. Herewith, for the immunocorrection with a preparation based on RNA double-stranded sodium salt (RADAMIN®VIRO) causing a secondary reduction in the risk of COVID-19 in the analyzed group, potential targets had been selected. Materials and methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the drug based on RNA double-stranded sodium salt therapeutic effects was conducted in a group of patients who had been in contact with the persons having a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The method of enzyme immunoassay in dynamics was used to determine the content of interferons alpha and beta (IFNα and IFNβ, respectively), interleukin-1β and -10 (IL1β and IL-10, respectively) in the blood serum and saliva in the contact persons, with a retrospective assessment of changes depending on the administration of the drug or placebo, as well as the development of COVID-19. Results. In the course of the presented study, it was demonstrated that the established content of IFNα (less than 28 pg/ml) and IFNβ (less than 12 pg/ml) in saliva on the 1 st –2 nd contact days is a predictor of an increased risk of developing COVID-19. Herewith, the increase degree in these immunoregulatory peptides in the interval of 2–3 contact days is important: IFNα and IFNβ allows leveling the negative prognosis in patients by 250% or more. The lowest rates ( p