The effect of colistin resistance and other predictors on fatality among patients with bloodstream infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in an OXA-48 dominant region

•Carbapenem resistance and increasing minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin were found to be significantly associated with 30-day mortality.•If the lungs are the source of the infection, fatality is more likely.•The empirical use of combined active aminoglycosides should be recommended for colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of colistin resistance and other predictors on fatality among patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (Kp-BSI) and to describe the effect of amikacin and tigecycline on the outcome in an OXA-48 dominant country. This was a retrospective study performed among patients >16 years of age in a tertiary hospital with 465 beds. All cases had ≥1 positive blood culture for K. pneumoniae 48 h after admission. Among 210 patients with Kp-BSI, the 30-day mortality rate after isolation of the microorganism was 58%. The rate of carbapenem resistance was higher (64% vs. 38%, p