Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Early Screening

Background As a common malignant tumor, prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant threat to the well-being of men worldwide. The prognosis of PCa is intricately linked to the grade and stage of the tumor at the time of initial detection. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for evaluating prostate health, yet lacks specificity for prostate cancer tumors. Elevated PSA levels can also be caused by benign prostate diseases. And the indiscriminate use of biopsy resulting in overdiagnosis. Hence, the development of a prostate cancer risk prediction model based on pre-biopsy clinical indicators in patients can serve as a valuable tool for early screening of individuals with suspicious findings warranting biopsy. Objective To examine the individual risk factors associated with positive prostate biopsy outcomes and develop a risk assessment model for predicting positive biopsy results in PCa screening. Methods A total of 1 138 patients who underwent prostate biopsy in the Department of Urology, the Firs