The immune-modulation and gut microbiome structure modification associated with long-term dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis

[Display omitted] •LBR Long-term dietary supplementation modulate Th1 Th2 cytokines secretions.•LBR enhances energy metabolism and attenuates serum Lipoprotein Profile.•LBR modulates gut microbiome structure and composition.•LBR ameliorates gut metabolome functions. Probiotic dietary supplementation plays a crucial role in shaping gut microbiota and boost immune-responses. We herein investigated the potential effect of long-term dietary-supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LBR) on gut microbiome structure, metabolome functions, and serum-profile. Our results revealed, LBR long-term supplementation reduces the body weight gain, ameliorates serum cytokines and attenuates serum lipoproteins profile. Moreover, LBR enhances biofilms-aerobics. Gut microbiome 16S rRNA analysis revealed LBR intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of Limnobacter, Turicibacterales, Enterococcus, and Vagococcus. On the contrary, the abundance of Helicobacteraceae, Rikenellaceae, Roseburia, Dorea, Anaerostipes, Coprococcus, Lachnospira, Oscillospira, Ruminococcaceae, Clotridiales, S24_7, Bacteroidia and Bacteroidetes found decreased in LBR treated group. Functional comparison revealed LBR exhibited higher level of energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism functions. Our findings demonstrate that the LBR dietary supplementation found to be beneficially modulating the immune-response, enhances lipoprotein metabolism, and ameliorates the microbial composition structure and functions.