Successful neurolytic thoracic sympathetic ganglion block using C-arm fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography in patients with postmastectomy pain syndrome: a report of 3 cases

Background Postmastectomy pain syndrome involves persistent neuropathic and sympathetically maintained neuropathic pain that can be improved using a thoracic sympathetic ganglion block. However, conventional fluoroscopic procedures pose technical difficulties and are associated with potential severe complications. We report the use of C-arm fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography to enhance procedural success and treatment safety. Case presentation Three women diagnosed with postmastectomy pain syndrome and experiencing persistent pain underwent C-arm fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography-assisted ethanol neurolytic thoracic sympathetic ganglion block. Pain severity decreased substantially after the procedure. The therapeutic effects were sustained for 12 months in cases 1 and 2 and for 5 months in case 3. All patients experienced a remarkable decrease in allodynia and hyperalgesia intensities. Conclusion C-arm fluoroscopic cone-beam computed tomography-assisted neurolytic thoracic sympathetic ganglion block offers a valuable alternative for managing otherwise intractable postmastectomy pain syndrome before considering more invasive techniques.