Study of Combustion Process Parameters in a Diesel Engine Powered by Biodiesel from Waste of Animal Origin

The use of biofuels is one way to reduce the increasingly visible harmful effects of diesel engines on the environment. At the same time, it is also a way to gradually reduce dependence on depleting oil resources. New sources for biodiesel production are currently being sought out. The authors of this article have produced esters from animal fat waste, obtaining a biofuel that can power diesel engines while obtaining a way to manage unnecessary waste. For this to be possible, it is necessary to confirm the possibility of using such biofuel to power compression ignition engines. To this end, it is moribund to conduct experimental tests on an engine dynamometer. The results of such studies made it possible to determine how such esters affect the parameters of the combustion process, which was the goal of the authors of this paper. In order to determine the effect of this biofuel on the parameters of the combustion process, indicator graphs of the pressure course in the engine cylinder were recorded. On their basis, heat release characteristics were drawn up and their most important indicators were determined. In addition, the parameters of the indicator charts were determined, such as the maximum pressure and the degree of its build-up during the combustion process. These tests were carried out on a Perkins 1104D-E44TA compression ignition engine, which is widely used in the construction industry as well as in agriculture. In order to be able to compare these results with diesel fuel, the same tests, under the same conditions, were carried out while feeding the engine with diesel fuel. It is worth noting that the tested esters were produced using a reactor designed and built by one of the co-authors of this publication. This reactor is used for the non-industrial production of biofuels from oils of various origins. Studies have shown that feeding the engine with esters results in an increase in the maximum fuel consumption of about 15%. This is dependent on the load and speed. Indicator graphs and their analysis indicated that feeding the engine with esters at lower loads results in higher maximum combustion pressures, depending on the engine load, compared to diesel fuel values by a maximum of about 10%. The calculated values of the degree of pressure increase during the combustion process showed that feeding the engine with esters at most loads results in an increase of up to 40% maximum. This is especially the case for a speed of 2200 rpm. In the case of